UncleFester wrote
The Cat on our cars is not active, it's passive and as such has no input to the engine management system, all it functions as is a glorified soot catcher - mine actually runs better and smokes less without the stupid thing.
Sorry, but that's not right.
A catalyst increases the rate at which a chemical reaction take place without actually being involved in the reaction.
In a petrol car, the catalyst promotes the decomposition of three pollutants:
- Hydrocarbons (HC) i.e. unburnt fuel. Become water (H20) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion. Becomes carbon dioxide.
- Nitrous oxides (NOx) produced at high combustion temperatures. Becomes nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen (O2)
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/question66.htm
http://www.answers.com/topic/catalytic-converter
http://www.eurocats.co.uk/technical.php
The catalyst does not filter out particles. If it did, it would soon clog up and stop your engine from running.
Diesels produce less pollutant gases, as the engine cycle is more efficient and diesels are almost always running lean, so there is plenty of oxygen present to ensure complete combustion. To meet emission reglations, diesels use a simpler two-way oxidation catalyst which doesn't affect NOx. NOx is controlled in the TDI engine by EGR.
In a petrol car, the oxygen content of the exhaust is monitored by the ecu at points before and after the catalyst, and the petrol-air mixture is adjusted to ensure that the correct proportion of oxygen remains in the exhaust gas for the balance of oxidation reactions and reduction to be maintained.
To be entirely honest, Cats only work in countries where the exhaust temperatures are high enough to activate the material inside the Cat - short journeys in the UK will never achieve that temperature and as such .... most of the time having a catalytic converter is pointless.
Exhaust temperature is only trivially dependent on outside air temperature, and the catalyst is warmed by the reactions taking place inside it, the ones that it catalyses. That's why some petrol cars have secondary air pumps, to pump extra clean air into the exhaust so the catalyst has oxygen to work with to burn up the hydrocarbon and CO produced at startup. The catalyst itself is working all the time, hot or not.