"No Impact to the engine" is a very vague area.
The MAF provides input to the ECU on actual air mass (not volume, but mass, so taking pressure into account) being drawn in by the engine. The ECU uses that as part of its calculations to determine the correct amount of fuel to inject.
As it says in the pdf document I linked you to upthread, if the MAF signal is missing or unusable, the ECU reverts to a fixed value for the air mass, which reduces performance.
So if you disconnect the MAF and there is no change in the performance, the inference is that the MAF signal was already absent or being ignored, and that the MAF is faulty.
I don't believe that your turbo will spring into life if you disconnect the MAF, not under any circumstances.
When you say you have a non-working turbo, what leads you to believe that? If the turbo had failed you would see quite severe consequences, abysmal performance and depending on the nature of the failure, possibly lots of oil leaking out. If it was just a boost leak, the usual symptom is lots of black smoke out of the exhaust. What symptoms are you experiencing?
VE stands for Verteiler, the german word that in this context means "distributor". - Thanks to Leon2012 who told us that in a thread in the TDI engine section of the forum.